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Abstract
This paper defines three types of typical certified farms in Kenyan export production: smallholder farms, large-scale
contracted farms, and exporter-owned farms. It assesses their economic performance, compares the financial cost of
compliance with the EurepGAP standard, and analyses transaction costs. Results show that larger farms are not generally
performing more efficiently compared to smallholders who implemented the EurepGAP standard. Despite higher
monitoring costs as a result of the introduction of standards, smallholder vegetable producers remain an important
source for the exporter companies.