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Abstract
The authors of this paper analyze export and competitiveness of wine export from
the Republic of Serbia. Main goal of the research reflects in perceiving basic
features of export and competitiveness of wine export from the Republic of Serbia
on international market. The analysis encloses time period 2004-2007.
The amount of wine export is very modest and, in observed period, was realized
average export of 8,6 million litres, which value amounts 9,6 million USD. Only
5% of total domestic production is exported. In export structure dominate CEFTA
agreement signatory countries.
Export price of wine from Serbia is doubly less in regard to average world price,
and thrice in regard to the biggest world exporter – Italy. Average export price of
wine produced in Serbia is on the level of 1,11 USD per litre. The export structure
is very unfavourable, i.e. dominates wine in bulk (90%), while only 10% of total
export makes wine in bottles, which, for sure, reflects to attained export price.
The authors quote that main limitation factors of Serbian wine export are small
surfaces under grapevine, inappropriate structure of production, i.e. lack of
qualitative and top-class (famous) wines. The wines which produce in Serbia, on
international market, are competitive by price. However, low quality represents
limitation factor of competitiveness increase. Unfavourable production structure and
wine export represents one more limitation factor of competitiveness increase. In
total wine production in Serbia, top-class wines participate with less than 15%,
participation of qualitative wines is 20%, while the higher participation, more than
65%, have table wines, and more produces white (64%) than rose wines (36%).
Previously mentioned is in opposition with demand trends on international market.
Along with quality increase and change of production and export structure, there can
be expected also increase of Serbian wine prices on international market.
Analyzing the world turnover of wine, the authors resolve that leading exporters of
wine have developed production and long tradition in wine export. Besides, there
are series of governmental stimulations, aiming at export increase, which is
significant from aspect of competitiveness increase.
The European Union has increased wine export quota from 55 to 63 thousand
hectolitres to the Republic of Serbia for duty free export, and mentioned decision
on export quotas increase represents an incentive for faster development of
viticulture and wine production in Serbia.
As an imperative, the authors quote increase of high-quality wines participation in
export, which have higher price in regard to table wines. They find that own chance
for export must not be looked-for in quantity, because Serbia is relatively small wine
producer, concerning high quality according to selected market segments, but also
that Serbia must leave the path of industrial wines and produces only high-quality
wines. In this paper has been pointed out to necessary measures, aiming at more
dynamic export and competitiveness increase of wine export from Serbia.
The Authors find that main focus should be on intellectual capital, which means
permanent education of producers, in order to get wines of the highest quality which
will find their consumers in a competitive world market.