The objective of this work is to make a survey of the existing data on the system of elaboration and registration of MDL projects, as well as to identify the existent market mechanisms for the commercialization of carbon credits, thus making it possible to evaluate the behavior of the rural producer of the State of Mato Grosso in that market. The methodology used was analysis of the secondary data to characterize the national and international legislation that controls the MDL. Mechanisms, such as fund and stock markets that finance and commercialize carbon credits, were identified. It was verified that the market is constituted by the offer and demand of reduction credits of emissions, as well as by the offer and demand of emission permissions. It was also observed that, globally, little more than 2000 projects are tramitting inside the MDL/U.N Executive Council, only one of which originating from Afforest/ Reforestation. Of this total, 226 projects are Brazilian and the State of Mato Grosso participates with 9% of this amount. It was concluded that the rural segment has been a timid participation in the carbon market of non-forest source, due to the high elaboration, implementation and control costs of MDL projects. There is a conjectural market for forest credits, in function of the complexity of the norms, demands and methodologies imposed by the Kyoto Protocol, as well as the lack of policies that favor the market’s concretization.