This study evaluated households’ food insecurity and poverty status in Gert Sibande District of Mpumalanga Province in South Africa. Using electricity as the cooking energy, growing cereals, being employed, and employment income were negatively associated with food insecurity, whereas housing ownership and access to government child support were positively associated with food insecurity. While household size was positively associated with being poor, employment income, access to social grants, and receipt of remittance were negatively associated with households’ poverty status. To address food insecurity and poverty issues, multiple measures are needed, including population planning, employment training programs, and social welfare programs.