The state of Oaxaca has an ancestral tradition and relevance within the national production of Agave mezcalero since it reaches first place and currently occupies second place in spirits drinks with a growing demand both nationally and internationally. On the other hand, Mexico is the center of origin of several agaves, including mezcalero. The primary sector resorts to increasing the area planted with agaves and extracting wild populations, which results in environmental problems due to changes in land use, productive intensification, overexploitation of wild magueys trees soil impoverishment, intensive use of agrochemicals, release of CO2 that contributes to climate change. The methodology was documentary type that integrated two phases: heuristics, which the search and compilation of sources of information in various media, hermeneutics, which allows interpretation and explanation between the context and the events that, occurred. The objective of this research was to determine the importance of the Agave mezcalero, know its evolution, trend and determine the average growth rates of the analysis period that included the years 1999 to 2021, as well as its comparison of the indices in the six-periods that includes the horizon of the analysis period.