Agricultural reforms are one of the principal elements of Cuba’s efforts to “update” its socialist economy since 2007. As in other post-socialist transition economies, these reforms have directly impacted agricultural output and yields. This paper analyzes the evolution of agricultural yields in Cuba during the 2007-2017 period. Our analysis demonstrates that Cuba’s agricultural yields declined during the first five years after the implementation of the reforms, but recovered during the following five year period. While the agricultural reforms introduced in Cuba since 2007 represent a transition towards a more decentralized (and efficient) agricultural model, the recovery of Cuban agriculture requires more profound, far-reaching, institutional and structural reforms, particularly in key areas such as property relations, foreign investment, and the roles of the market and the state.