We investigate the factors that influence vertical coordination in the fresh produce industry. Elaborating on the concept of governance structure, price and non-price coordination systems will be distinguished. Under previous research, there is a specific consideration as to how market conditions and institutional considerations influence the coordination of supply chains. In my presentation for the Food Distribution Research Society in Monterey, California, I analyzed how retail companies in the United States, France, and the Netherlands coordinate their supply chains of fruits and vegetables. Differences in product category and institutional environments do not contribute directly to the explanation of differences found in supply chain coordination systems. Industry-specific factors and firm-resource-based factors may supply a better understanding of these differences.