This article presents the results of the studies carried out among the farmers from Wielkopolska Province as regards their willingness to cultivate ϐibre crops and medicinal plants. It describes the role of these plants in the production structure of farms as well as the economic situation on the ϐlax, hemp, and medicinal plant markets. Then, the major factors for the introduction of these species to production in terms of the Polish agriculture are demonstrated. The summary includes the application conclusions for the economic policy regarding the producers and the processors of fibre crops and medicinal plants.