Average soybean production costs ranged from $2.13 per bushel for producers in the lowest cost quartile to $6.00 per bushel for those in the highest cost quartile. Heartland, West, and Northern Crescent producers had lower soybean production costs per bushel than Mississippi Portal and Southeast producers. Producers in higher sales classes and producers with 250 to 750 acres of soybeans had lower production costs than other soybean producers. Off-farm income was an important source of household income for many soybean producers.