The citizenization of the population transferred from agriculture is an inevitable process for Chinese social transformation, and one of the core issues in the course of new urbanization. The core problem in citizenization of the population transferred from agriculture lies in cost. Taking Chongqing as an example, this paper calculates the total citizenization cost to be 125038.7 yuan for the population transferred from agriculture. Through field survey and research, this paper analyzes the current situation of citizenization cost sharing of the population transferred from agriculture in Chongqing, points out some problems in cost sharing such as inadequate governmental financial capacity, absence of business and lack of personal affordability, and finally brings forward the corresponding policy recommendations.