This paper firstly sorted out current situations of farmland protection and increasingly significant non-grain of farmland in Anhui Province in recent years. Then, it made an in-depth analysis on causes for non-grain problem, and analyzed adverse influence on national grain security. On this basis, it came up with recommendations for alleviating non-grain problem of farmland in Anhui Province: strictly protecting capital farmland, reasonably guiding distribution and scale of grain production; treating non-grain problem of farmland according to specific situations; reforming and improving grain subsidy policy; establishing a new agricultural land circulation mechanism with family farm as subjects, other types as supplements, and access and supervision system as guarantee.