The study contains an analysis of agri-food trade between Poland and the European Union in the years 2004-2014. The aim of the study was to investigate the status, structure and intensity of trade in agri-food between Poland and the European Union and the assessment of the competitiveness of the Polish agri-food sector in the EU market. The paper analyzes the export and import of the agri- food sector with the European Union, points to changes in the dynamics of turnover and calculates indicators of comparative advantage (RCA) and indicators of specialization: B. Balassa and HG Grubnela and PJ Lloyd. Polish agri-food products in the analyzed period showed a competitive advantage in the European market, mainly processed products of animal and vegetable origin.