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Abstract
A remarkable exodus from Kosovo occurred in the winter
2014/15, raising urgent questions about its underlying drivers
and implications for both Kosovo and the destination countries.
This policy brief provides a first-hand qualitative snapshot of key
migration drivers, as well as insights on some particularities of
the phenomenon. We find that the exodus is the result of a
struggling Kosovar state, which failed to maintain the enthusiasm
and hope of its young nation and turn it into sustainable
development. Instead, a lack of perspectives and accumulated
frustration about the existing political caste, nepotism and corruption
drive out even middle class people. The extent and timing
of the migration wave was closely connected with facilitated
travel conditions and incentivising rumours that caused a snowball
effect. We argue that EU countries will have to react with
patience and care in handling incoming migrants. Changes in the
asylum and visa regimes are recommended, but a smart timing
of measures is important. Ultimately, to prevent a deepening crisis
and possible unrest in Kosovo, temporary legal migration opportunities
are needed. Within Kosovo, only breaking up existing
structures and establishing efficient institutions and functioning
social models in their place could allow the country to overcome
its economic deadlock.