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Abstract
Given recent concerns about North American port congestion, this paper examines stakeholder
involvement in expanding port capacity to meet significant volume growth. North American container
port authorities were surveyed to identify key capacity factors and subsequent participation
requirements by stakeholders such as terminal operators, longshore labor, railroads, steamship
lines, truckers, and government. The resulting analysis indicates port frustration with participation
currently offered by all stakeholders, especially the federal government and railroads. Such results
further validate the requirement for a multi-stakeholder approach to port capacity expansion and
suggest the need for national freight policy and planning leadership.