This paper identifies and makes an analysis of regional specializations within chosen branches of bioeconomy in Poland regarding regions there were identified the components of bio-economy to enable region’s endogenous potential quantifying and its branch specialization. Survey regards as follows; agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishery, the production of agri-food products, textiles, wood, cork, straw and wicker products, paper and paper products as well as an activity concerning collecting, processing and disposing of wastes and raw materials recovery. Carried survey showed that in 2012 the greatest number of branches specializing in bio-economy one can find in the following regions; Wielkopolskie, Lubuskie, Kujawsko- Pomorskie, Łódzkie, Podlaskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Zachodniopomorskie.