With the integration of global economy and rapid development of information technology, China’s economic and trade exchange will be further strengthened and social economic phenomenon will become more and more complex. Therefore, understanding fishery statistical systems and making comparative analysis become particularly important for formulating fishery development and economic management policies. Through comparative study on statistical systems, organization, statistical laws and regulations, statistical indicators, and statistical management and methods of different countries, this paper is intended to provide reference for improving China’s fishery statistical system and operating mechanism.