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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent of asynchronicity in the authorisations of new
genetically modified organism (GMO) events between importing and exporting countries.
Based on the literature, we systemise the GMO regulatory framework and use dissimilarity
and stringency indices to assess the regulatory differences. The results show an increase in the
asynchronous approval across the majority of country pairs. However, focusing only on
commercialised events and considering only regulatory differences in which the importers are
more stringent than the exporters, the asynchronous approval is considerably lower, and the
result indicates that the major trade leaders have synchronised their approval status for GMOs
over time.