This paper contributes to our understanding of the use and management of crop residues in East African highlands and farmers' decision-making associated with this important on-farm resource. Using the data from a socio-economic and household production survey of a sample of 310 households in 15 villages in western Kenya conducted in 2011-2012, the analysis shows that the decision to allocate maize residues to organic fertilizer and the amount of such allocation among Kenyan farmers is in uenced by the quantity of maize residues produced, as well as conventional inputs into production such as labor and chemical fertilizer. However, such allocation decisions may be independent of other competing uses of residues { livestock feed and cooking fuel. The value of maize residues as an input into crop production is also estimated.