This article conducts empirical analysis of rice growers' behavior of productive capital input and the influencing factors, using the input-output survey data concerning rice growing by 305 peasant households in 2009 in Huanan County and Huachuan County, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. I use Logit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the possibility of fixed productive investment. The test results show that family size, the proportion of non-agricultural employment, the average educational level of households, farmland area, household farming income, credit level, peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice, have significant effect on whether to conduct fixed productive investment, whether there are disasters has no significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment. Then I use Tobit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the scale of productive capital input. The results show that family size, the proportion of non-agricultural employment, the average educational level of households, farmland area, household farming income, credit level and family housing value, peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice, whether there are disasters, have significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment. On the basis of model test results, in order to promote the rice growers to increase fixed productive input and increase productive capital input, rational recommendations are put forward as follows: raising the minimum purchase price of rice, scaling up rice growing, making every effort to promote the educational level of rice growers, ensuring that the rice growers obtain productive capital input loans timely.