This article analyses the agricultural production efficiency of all cities and areas in Shaanxi Province in the period 2006-2009 using data envelopment analysis method, and compares the agricultural production efficiency between all cities and areas. The results show that the agricultural production efficiency and scale efficiency of agriculture of Shaanxi Province are high on the whole, but the efficiency of agricultural technology is very low, agricultural development still relies on factor inputs, and the driving role of technological progress is not conspicuous. Finally the following countermeasures are put forward to promote agricultural productivity in Shaanxi Province: improve the construction of agricultural infrastructure, and increase agricultural input; accelerate the project of extending agricultural technology into households, and promote the conversion and use rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements; establish and improve industrial system of agriculture, and speed up the building of various agricultural cooperative economic organizations.