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Abstract
Per capita income and human population levels in a country have direct influences on its
environmental outcomes. Countries with same level of income may have different rate of
income growth and vice versa, suggesting that the influence of the rate of income growth on
environmental outcomes could be different than that of income level. Similarly, the rate of
population growth might have different impact in addition to the impacts of sheer number of
population. We explore this empirical question using country-level data on threatened species
published by IUCN for the year 2007. Controlling for other factors, our model estimates the
influences of the rate of population and income growth on threatened mammals and birds
across 113 continental countries. The results suggest that, among other factors, the rate of
population growth has significant influences on number of threatened mammals and birds.